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Test - PL A

1. The polar line is a chart expressing:

the vertical speed and horizontal speed ratio. the horizontal speed and angle of attack ratio. the speed and drag ratio.

2. There are aerodynamic forces generated on a body in flow. They are called:

the resultant aerodynamic force which is sum of lift and drag. lift, mass and drag. lift and overpressure.

3. At the critical angle of attack:

the drag coefficient drops abruptly. the lift coefficient reaches its maximum values, over further increasing of the angle of attack the lift coefficient decreases abruptly. the lift coefficient sharply increases.

4. The paraglider glide ratio is defined as:

the ratio between the horizontal and vertical velocity component of the paraglider. the weight and lift ratio. the relation between the glider performance and vertical speed.

5. A paraglider stall occures when:

the glider overcomes the pilot when taking off. the pilot breaks too much. the speed system is pushed too fast.

6. Turning of a paraglider is the result of:

changes in the distribution of aerodynamic forces on one half of the canopy. changes of the size of projected area of the canopy. changes in the distribution of aerodynamic forces on the canopy.

7. The separation of streamlines is when:

turbulent flow around the upper surface of the wing switches to laminar flow. the streamlines leave the aerofoil after copying its shape. the airflow becomes detached from the surface of the aerofoil.

8. Surface load:

indicates the number of m2 of bearing area per one kilogram of the total weight. indicates the number of kilograms of the total weight per m2 of bearing area. indicates the number of kilograms of the pilot weight per m2 of bearing area.

9. In meteorology, storm is:

a phenomenon identical with the term "cold front”. the most significant manifestation of convection in the free atmosphere. a natural phenomenon accompanied by intensive rainfall and electrical discharges.

10. Air density:

increases with increasing air temperature. decreases with decreasing air temperature. increases with decreasing air temperature.

11. The speed of a thermal current depends on:

instability rate and air warming from the ground surface. time of day and season. uneven heating of cyclonic thermal convective clouds.

12. Anabatic flow is:

the wind coming up the mountain slopes due to thermic. the land breeze. a gusty mountain breeze.

13. Among the clouds with a great vertical development is:

Cb – cumulonimbus Ac – altocumulus Cc – cirocumulus

14. In the definition of standard atmosphere the pressure and temperature values at mean sea level are:

1015 hPa, +10°C 1013,25 hPa, +15°C 1013,25 hPa, 0°C

15. The land breeze:

blows at night and is weaker than the see breeze. blows during a day and is stronger than the see breeze. blows during a day and is weaker than the see breeze.

16. In stronger wind it is better to take off:

down at a sufficient distance from the mountain top. so that the canopy is at the level of mountain top and the pilot a bit lower. at the top of the mountain.

17. The take off direction and place choice is subject to:

the wind reported by the nearest meteorological station. the wind in the valley by the landing zone. the wind at the take off considering the wind direction above the mountain ridge.

18. How many items is there in the pre start check?

Seven. Five. Three.

19. Spiral is performed by:

pulling at first both the brakes and then loosening one brake all the way up while the other pulling completely down - the paraglider descends circling in a dynamic and fast rotation. a smooth transition from a turn into sharper and sharper turn via gradually increased brake input and body weight shift in the same side in which turning. weight shift in the intended turning side, pulling the steering on that side and pulling down the front riser on the other side.

20. When entering a thermal current:

the canopy always tends to collapse and therefore the pilot must brake. the glider usually tends to collapse and therefore the pilot should break a bit before turning. the glider informs the pilot by its movements about the strength of the lift and usually also about which direction is better to turn.

21. What does the term „spin” mean?

Asymmetrical (one side) paraglider stall. Symmetric paragider stall. A spiral.

22. Time of sunrise and sunset varies:

depending on the intensity of sunlight. influenced by the magnetic field of the Earth. with annual periods.

23. The flight velocity displayed by GPS is:

true air speed. indicated air speed. ground speed.

24. The earth axix is a line intersecting the center of the earth perpendicularly to the equator. The points where this line intersects the earth surface are called poles and they are:

the geological poles. the marine poles. the magnetic poles.

25. An aircraft on bearing 265 in a wind 085 is flying:

perpendicularly to the wind from left. against the wind. with the wind.

26. The difference between UTC and Central European Summer Time (CEST) time is:

1 hour. There is no difference. 2 hours.

27. Sooner then in Prague, the sun rises in:

London. Paris. Moscow.

28. If the steering line brakes, the correct procedure is:

steering by another suitable line and the other steering line or, if there is enough hight, use the reserve parachute. turning only in the side where the steering line is OK. steering via weight shift and cautious pulling of the rear risers.

29. For emergency landing You would prefer:

trees. water. buildings.

30. After a tall tree landing:

you should do maximum via reachable means to get professional rescue help (a cellphone or radio call, waiting for friends, whistle ect.) you should climb down as fast as possible to show that you are OK. you should wait until your friends come and then you climb down while they are ready to catch you if needed.

31. The reserve parachute is used so that:

Pull the rezerve parachute handle; when the needles are torn out, the reserve parachute opening system is activated. Pull the reserve parachute from the harness and throw it into a free space letting go the handle too. By pulling the handle the reserve parachute is activated; the handle can be lost.

32. If one side of canopy is stalled, the pilot should:

pull the second steering fully and then release both. hold down the already pulled steering and counter-steer the rotation by weight-shift. release the steering continuously.

33. During flight a pilot should have his cellphone (if it is available):

in any place, because he cannot telephone during flight anyway. in a place, where he can reach it by any hand from the flying position. in the back harness pocket so it could not break or harm the pilot in case of accident.

34. A Czech paraglider technical certificate is issued:

always by a designated Paragliding Operations Inspector of LAA CR. always by a Paragliding Technical Inspector of LAA CR. by a producer’s technical inspector for category „P” and by LAA CR for category „Z”.

35. An aircraft having priority must maintain its course and speed:

The course must be kept but speed can be changed. These conditions must not be changed. This rule does not relieve the aircraft commander of responsibility to carry out such measures that will the best prevent a collision.

36. The aircraft must not fly at such a distance from other aircraft that would:

be less then 150m. create a collision hazard. restrict the other aircraft.

37. TMA (Terminal Control Area)

can be flown under only with a two way radio communication with AFIS. cannot be flown under or over. can be flown under.

38. A light aircraft can be steered by:

a pilot who holds a valid pilot license with the appropriate qualifications or a student pilot under the conditions laid down in the training curriculum. a pilot who holds a valid pilot license with the appropriate qualifications or a person authorized by the light aircraft operator in the presence of the pilot, or a student pilot under the conditions laid down in the training curriculum. a pilot who holds a valid assessment on medical fitness or a student pilot under the conditions laid down in the training curriculum.

39. Responsibility of the pilot (commander) of the aircraft:

The aircraft commander is responsible for execution of the flight under the rules of flying, let he alone controls the plane or not, except in cases when circumstances force a deviation from these rules in the interest of safety. The aircraft commander has not the right to take a final decision on the execution of the flight. The aircraft commander is not responsible for the execution of the flight when he received takeoff clearance from air traffic control services.

40. Upper limit of G class airspace is in:

300 m AMSL 300 m AGL 300 m STD

41. Initial examination includes:

vital functions check according to the chart A-B-C. finding the circumstances of the incident, the patient's problems and possible diseases which he is suffering. fast check of the afflicted „from head to toe” with emphasis on injury signs.

42. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

sun and wrong packing. winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass. UV rays, wet storage and abrasion.

43. A paraglider in a spin fell nearby. On our approach he lies on his back, unconscious, not breathing, bluish. No clearly visible injury is obvious. We'll call an ambulance and firstly:

lay the afflicted in the anti-shock position with head underlaid. free the airway by backward head tilt. lay the afflicted in the stabilized position.

44. „Surgical” rubber gloves:

are suitable for treatment of patients suspected of infectious disease. should be used for taking care of any injury. should be used only in treatment of heavy bleeding or dirty wounds.

45. If improvised transport of an insured PG pilot is necessary (for example in difficult terrain), as the best means of transport will serve:

his paragliding harness. the canopy folded in a suitable rectangular shape. into a stretcher tied straight branches.

46. Choose the true statement about heat loss after an injury:

Preventing heat loss is especially important because possible hypothermia is unpleasant and stressful for the afflicted. But this is not the priority for first aid. Maintaining body temperature is one of the most energy-intensive vital processes. Fight against heat loss therefore belongs - especially with severe injuries - amongst life-saving acts with high priority. Mild hypothermia is in terms of first aid advantageous because it inhibits the metabolic processes and thus slows the onset of shock. Severe and prolonged hypothermia is harmful, preventing heat loss is therefore of particular importance for injuries in the winter and in poorly accessible terrain.

47. "Secondary examination" of an injury afflicted means:

the second (and next) control examination to determine if there is a deterioration in the status. an inspection of afflicted "head to toe" in order to uncover any injury changes on body. an examination by another independent person to verify the initial conclusions.

48. During an unsuccessful landing a pilot flew through a window and cut his wrist so badly that the wound is heavily bleeding, blood squirts. 10 cm long piece of broken glass projects from the wound. The afflicted person is conscious, pale, complaining of pain in his right ankle which is evidently deformed. We'll call an ambulance and:

fix the leg, lay the afflicted in the anti shock position, lift the wounded hand up and if the bleeding doesn’t stop, apply a compressing bandage. put the afflicted in a semi sitting position, pull out the sherd and apply compressing bandage. lay the afflicted down on his back with legs lifted, apply a tourniquet on his forearm tightening it gently. We do not pull out the piece of glass on principle.

49. If it is obvious that the action of rescue helicopter is necessary, in the Czech Republic it is preferably needed to call number:

112 1210 155

50. Choose the true statement about using the thermal („space”) blanket:

This blanket can be also used as a tourniquet or improvised bandage. The side doesn’t matter, the important is to wrap it tightly all around the patient. The foil is a very good thermal isolation but does not protect against moisture - it can leak in strong rain.