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Test - PL A

1. There are aerodynamic forces generated on a body in flow. They are called:

lift, mass and drag. lift and overpressure. the resultant aerodynamic force which is sum of lift and drag.

2. The optimal gliding ratio can be flown:

with two different angles of attack. with just one angle of attack. with critical angle of attack.

3. The induced drag can be reduced by:

the air foil thickness and special the wing arrow and air foil thickness. aspect ratio and favorable wing tip shape.

4. The inner wing side angle of attack of a turning paraglider:

is not changing. is changing because the wing banks in the same moment. is changing due to a change of trailing edge position.

5. The paraglider glide ratio is defined as:

the ratio between the horizontal and vertical velocity component of the paraglider. the weight and lift ratio. the relation between the glider performance and vertical speed.

6. The total weight of a pilot with all equipment is 100 kg and the area of the glider is 25 m2. The surface load of the paraglider is:

0.4 kg/m3 0.25 kg/m3 4 kg/m3

7. In a normal steady flight:

there is overpressure on the upper and lower surface of the wing. there is negative pressure on the upper surface and overpressure on the lower surface of the wing. there is overpressure on the upper surface and negative pressure on the lower surface of the wing.

8. What will be the change of flow speed and static air pressure in a place where the streamline density increases?

The speed will increase, the static pressure will decrease. The speed will decrease, the static pressure will decrease. The speed will increase, the static pressure will increase.

9. In what part of a day is the highest probability of mass storm occurrence in Middle Europe?

Late morning. Noon, afternoon. Around midnight.

10. We talk about stable air mass if following applies:

There are unfavorable conditions for ascending currents formation. There is convection forming in the air. There are favorable conditions for ascending currents formation.

11. In meteorology, storm is:

the most significant manifestation of convection in the free atmosphere. a phenomenon identical with the term "cold front”. a natural phenomenon accompanied by intensive rainfall and electrical discharges.

12. Which of these cloud species belong among clouds of crystal composition?

Cc - cirocumulus, Cs - cirostratus Cb - cumulonimbus, Ac - altocumulus Ns - nimbostratus, As - altostratus

13. Anabatic flow is:

a gusty mountain breeze. the wind coming up the mountain slopes due to thermic. the land breeze.

14. Vertical robustness of the troposphere is the lowest:

in temperate zones. above Equator areas. above poles.

15. Low level cloud can be:

Ci – cirrus Ac – altocumulus St – stratus

16. When entering a thermal current:

the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse. the canopy shoots forward and can collapse. the canopy lilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards.

17. What are the possible wind direction indicators in a strange place where there is no wind sock?

Positions of gliders on the ground which landed earlier. Grass waves, smoke, tree shaking, moving dust or other light objects in the air. Circling of birds of prey, direction of cloud shades movement and waves on water surfaces.

18. When entering a downdraft:

the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse. the canopy tilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards. the canopy shoots forward and there is a danger of frontal collapse.

19. The heading of aircraft and its direction of movement compare to ground is:

always the same. the same when flying in no wind or with the wind exactly from left or right. the same when flying in no wind or exactly against the wind or with the wind.

20. Ridge soaring is practiced so that:

we fly alongside a slope just above its lee side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points which means against the slope. we soar the wind wave just above the mountain ridge turning 180° at the turn points no matter what direction. we fly alongside a slope at its windward side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points.

21. When entering a thermal current:

the canopy always tends to collapse and therefore the pilot must brake. the glider usually tends to collapse and therefore the pilot should break a bit before turning. the glider informs the pilot by its movements about the strength of the lift and usually also about which direction is better to turn.

22. 9 cm in map with 1 : 500 000 scale refers of real distance:

50 km 45 km 60 km

23. The difference between UTC and Central European Summer Time (CEST) time is:

There is no difference. 1 hour. 2 hours.

24. The location of geographical and magnetic poles is:

not identical. identical. The magnetic pole is always to the east from the geographical pole.

25. The prime meridian is:

a meridian not passing through observatory in Greenwich, but only a small circle. meridian, also called the base meridian, passing through Greenwich Observatory in England. the meridian, at which the latitude and longitude equal 0.

26. The difference between UTC and Central European (CET) time is:

1 hour. There is no difference. 2 hours.

27. Terrain formations such as forests, meadows, lakes, castles, roads, railways etc. are called:

topographic situation. map projections. topographic area.

28. Use the reserve parachute without hesitating:

after being blown behind a mountain ridge. in rapid uncontrolable rotation. under a Cumulonimbus cloud.

29. When sucked in a vertically developed cloud the best to do is:

to keep circling through the cloud as high as possible and so fly over it. to steer the glider straight into the lightest part of the cloud. to perform the most effective escape maneuver and try to keep flying against the wind.

30. You miscounted the landing approach and need to shorten it. You are 30 m above the ground:

By pulling tips of the wing via the right lines you can reduce the effective surface of the wing and glide under a better angle to the ground. By flying in figure eight or S turns you loose hight before the final glide. In such altitude is best to make a 360 turn.

31. If during a flight the reserve parachute drops out accidentally and opens:

I prepare for the landing on the rescue, nothing else can be done anyway. I should try to collapse the glider canopy by pulling rear risers or steering to minimise its influence into reserve parachute flight and I should get prepared for landing. I should collapse the rescue parachute by pulling its lines.

32. After a tall tree landing:

you should do maximum via reachable means to get professional rescue help (a cellphone or radio call, waiting for friends, whistle ect.) you should wait until your friends come and then you climb down while they are ready to catch you if needed. you should climb down as fast as possible to show that you are OK.

33. If the steering line brakes, the correct procedure is:

steering via weight shift and cautious pulling of the rear risers. turning only in the side where the steering line is OK. steering by another suitable line and the other steering line or, if there is enough hight, use the reserve parachute.

34. Restricted air space (LK R):

must not be passed through. can be passed through under specified conditions. must be passed through.

35. If two aircrafts are flying on lines facing each other or approximately such, each of them should give way by changing its course to the:

left. side which is more suitable for avoiding a crash. right.

36. The upper limit of class E airspace is:

FL 85 (2600 m) FL 125 (3800 m) FL 95 (2900 m)

37. VFR flights in C, D and E classes airspace may be carried out at a distance from clouds:

at least 1500 m horizontally and 300 m vertically. outside the clouds and in visibility of ground. only the first at the cloud base pilot can fly in into the cloud.

38. A pilot must have a valid pilot's license on him:

at every flight. at every cross country flight. at a flight outside the airport.

39. An overtaking plane is that which approaches the overtaken aircraft from behind on a line forming with a plane of symmetry of the overtaken aircraft angle of less than:

80 degrees. 70 degrees. 60 degrees.

40. Except for takeoff or landing, or except by permit issued by the Aviation Authority, a VFR flight must be conducted over the congested areas or gathering of people in the open air at a height that may not be less than:

300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 300 m from the aircraft. 150 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft. 300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft.

41. Risers are:

pilots who get up early. the webbings which connect a glider's suspension lines to a pilot's harness. up-going thermal currents.

42. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

sun and wrong packing. UV rays, wet storage and abrasion. winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass.

43. Fractures of upper limbs are preferably fixed by:

tightening to the body in extended position. hanging in a triangular bandage. using an improvised splint (branch, stick, etc.).

44. A foreign object (e.g. little stone, sherd or so):

is to be removed from a wound if it is possible without excessive violence (e.g. rinsing with water, gently pulling etc.). is never to be removed - cover the wound with anything in it and soak the bandage with disinfection. must be removed even if surrounding tissue is damaged and then the wound needs rinsing with disinfection.

45. The best way of use of the „anti-shock” foil (thermal blanket) is:

The afflicted is carefully covered with it. The afflicted is tightly wraped into it including head, only face is uncovered. It is laid under the afflicted.

46. Resuscitation (animation) is needed to be performed if the afflicted:

is unresponsive, not moving, regardless of the state of breathing (a layperson is not able to reliably judge the respiratory status). is unresponsive, not moving and not breathing, or only "gasping" breaths are seen. is unresponsive and there is no pulse on carotid artery (the breathing state is not important).

47. When stopping bleeding by tourniquet, the principle is:

„The tourniquet must not hurt.“ „The tourniquet must hurt.“ „If using tourniquet, then properly.“

48. During ridge soaring after a collapse about 10 meters above ground a pilot landed hard on his left side; He is obviously shaken, however gets up, then collapses, is pale, reports pain in his hip, shakes, he wants to sleep, a little confused, but strictly refuses an offered call for an ambulance. The procedure will be:

We are trying to calm him down, keep him in a position which is the most comfortable for him, cover him and call the emergency services. We lay him in the anti-shock position with his feet up, cover him and call an ambulance. We lay him in shade into semi sitting position and check him occasionally during flying. If his condition gets worse, we call help.

49. If it is obvious that the action of rescue helicopter is necessary, in the Czech Republic it is preferably needed to call number:

1210 112 155

50. The helmet of the afflicted:

should be taken off only by gente tilting nad twisting. must never be taken off. should be taken off by pulling in the long axis of the body with permanent fixation of the head and neck.