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Test - PL A

1. The polar line is a chart expressing:

the vertical speed and horizontal speed ratio. the horizontal speed and angle of attack ratio. the speed and drag ratio.

2. Bringing a paraglider close to the critical angle of attack is manifested by:

sudden increase of descent rate. decrease of steering forces. significant rise of forces in steering lines.

3. Lift is:

a force generated by flow around a profile perpendicular to the drag force. the resultant aerodynamic force generated by flow around a profile. an area resistance given by the angle of attack.

4. The lift coefficient is influenced the most by:

the air foil curving. the air foil thickness. the speed of flow.

5. The aerodynamic drag is a sum of:

form drag, friction drag, induced drag and interference drag. parasitic drag, form drag, interference drag and rolling drag. parasitic drag and supportive drag.

6. The centre of gravity of an aircraft:

is a point where the resultant aerodynamic force and force of gravity acts. is a point where the force of gravity acts. is a point where the resultant aerodynamic force acts.

7. If the pilot weight increases the paraglider or powered paraglider speed:

decreases. increases. does not change.

8. The lift on the aerofoil is created by:

the force of flowing air from front of the aerofoil (when the angel of attack is positive). densification of streamlines above the aerofoil, the top surface of the aerofoil thus generates a negative pressure; below the aerofoil the streamlines expand and thereby an overpressure occurs beneath the aerofoil. densification of streamlines below the aerofoil, the lower surface of the aerofoil thus generates a negative pressure; above the aerofoil the streamlines expand and thereby an overpressure occurs above the aerofoil.

9. The low pressure system - Cyclone - is the area:

of low atmospheric pressure with the minimum value on its bordes. where the atmospheric pressure is decreasing outwards. of low atmospheric pressure with the minimum value in its middle.

10. Increasing distance between isobars means that in the given area the air velocity will be:

faster. slower. the distance between isobars tells nothing about the air velocity.

11. The boundary between two air masses, with the weather in one air mass significantly differing from the weather in the other air mass is called:

Weather boundary. Front. Air masses boundary.

12. In the area of high pressure in the northern hemisphere the wind close to the ground is blowing:

clockwise. counter clockwise. strait out from the middle of high pressure in the whole area.

13. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called:

mesosphere. stratosphere. troposphere.

14. The part of cyclone between the warm and cold fronts is called:

the ridge of higher pressure. the front line. the warm sector.

15. Precipitation falling out of the cloud systems of significant warm fronts are mainly:

occasional rainfall. persistent rainfall. showers.

16. So called escaping maneuvers include:

spiral, spin and B-stall. spiral, full-stall and B-stall. spiral, big ears and B-stall.

17. In stronger wind it is better to take off:

at the top of the mountain. down at a sufficient distance from the mountain top. so that the canopy is at the level of mountain top and the pilot a bit lower.

18. What does the term „spin” mean?

A spiral. Asymmetrical (one side) paraglider stall. Symmetric paragider stall.

19. What are the possible wind direction indicators in a strange place where there is no wind sock?

Circling of birds of prey, direction of cloud shades movement and waves on water surfaces. Positions of gliders on the ground which landed earlier. Grass waves, smoke, tree shaking, moving dust or other light objects in the air.

20. I increase the flight speed by:

pulling the trimmers. depressing the speed system. pulling a bit of steering.

21. The take off direction and place choice is subject to:

the wind at the take off considering the wind direction above the mountain ridge. the wind reported by the nearest meteorological station. the wind in the valley by the landing zone.

22. The most suitable maps for aeronautical navigation are:

maps with 1 : 500 000 scale. those with precise angles. the maps which truly reflect the topographic situation and angles.

23. Terrain formations such as forests, meadows, lakes, castles, roads, railways etc. are called:

topographic situation. topographic area. map projections.

24. 225 degrees is direction:

north west. south west. south east.

25. 10 cm in map with 1 : 200 000 scale refers of real distance:

50 km 200 km 20 km

26. The prime meridian is:

meridian, also called the base meridian, passing through Greenwich Observatory in England. a meridian not passing through observatory in Greenwich, but only a small circle. the meridian, at which the latitude and longitude equal 0.

27. Geographical North and South:

change location depending on annual periods. do not change location. are influenced by the Earth’s magnetism.

28. After an asymmetric collapse the correct procedure is:

no sudden piloting inputs; a certified paraglider will return into straight flight itself. pulling the steering on the not collapsed side quickly and fully to help the regeneration of the canopy. weight shift in the not collapsed side of the glider and brake the same side slightly to stop rotation.maximálně se vyklonit na nezaklopenou stranu a také ji přibrzdit tak, aby nedošlo k rotaci

29. Your special equipment for safety maneuvers training should be:

a life jacket, a hook knife for cutting lines or risers. a life jacket and a flare. a life jacket, an orange helmet and light shoes.

30. If during a flight the reserve parachute drops out accidentally and opens:

I prepare for the landing on the rescue, nothing else can be done anyway. I should collapse the rescue parachute by pulling its lines. I should try to collapse the glider canopy by pulling rear risers or steering to minimise its influence into reserve parachute flight and I should get prepared for landing.

31. In mid-air collision about 50 to 100 m above the terrain the correct procedure is:

stalling the glider and so clear the contact with the other aircraft. using the reserve parachute. to execute a descending maneuvre.

32. If one side of canopy is stalled, the pilot should:

release the steering continuously. pull the second steering fully and then release both. hold down the already pulled steering and counter-steer the rotation by weight-shift.

33. If a pilot is being dragged by strong wind along the ground, he should:

pull the steering lines or rear lines/risers. wait until the glider stops itself. pull the A risers or lines.

34. If two or more aircrafts heavier then air are approaching one airport with the intention to land and the avoidance rules do not apply, the priority of landing is as follows:

the slower aircraft gives way to the faster aircraft. the aircraft flying higher gives way to the lower flying aircraft. the aircraft flying on left gives way to the aircraft flying from right.

35. The aircraft, that is obliged by the rules to give way to another aircraft, must:

avoid by flying above or under or cross the other aircraft flight line at a sufficient distance. avoided so that the maintained horizontal distance between aircrafts was 300 m. avoided so that the maintained vertical distance between aircrafts was 150 m.

36. Except for takeoff or landing or except by permission issued by the Authority a VFR flight must be conducted above the ground or water at a height of not less than:

150 m except for ridge soaring. 150 m 300 m

37. Except for takeoff or landing, or except by permit issued by the Aviation Authority, a VFR flight must be conducted over the congested areas or gathering of people in the open air at a height that may not be less than:

300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft. 300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 300 m from the aircraft. 150 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft.

38. A Czech paraglider technical certificate is issued:

always by a designated Paragliding Operations Inspector of LAA CR. by a producer’s technical inspector for category „P” and by LAA CR for category „Z”. always by a Paragliding Technical Inspector of LAA CR.

39. A pilot must always have:

a pilot's license or a student document, the airworthiness certificate, a proof of insurance for damage caused the aircraft operation, medical certificate of flying eligibility. a proof of identity, a pilot's license or a student document, the airworthiness certificate, a proof of insurance for damage caused the aircraft operation, medical certificate of flying eligibility. a proof of identity, a pilot's license or a student document, the technical certificate of the aircraft, a proof of insurance for damage caused by the aircraft operation.

40. A Czech Pilot license holder can obtain a Sport Pilot license after:

five months. nine months. six months.

41. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

UV rays, wet storage and abrasion. sun and wrong packing. winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass.

42. Risers are:

the webbings which connect a glider's suspension lines to a pilot's harness. up-going thermal currents. pilots who get up early.

43. During an improvised transport of an afflicted:

the specific position is not a question but the fact that the afflicted is fixed and the position does not change suddenly. the head should be placed so that it could move in response to terrain unevenness. the limbs should be stretched along the long axis of body.

44. Choose the true statement about a position of an unconscious afflicted:

If the afflicted is reliably breathing in the current position, we leave him in this position. The unconscious injury afflicted should always be placed on his back with his head tilted back. The unconscious afflicted must not be moved to eliminate the risk of further spine and spinal cord damage.

45. "Gasping breaths" mean:

individual breaths in noticeably long intervals by the unconscious afflicted; these breaths are typical for cardiac arrest. noticeably fast but quiet and shallow breathing, typical for a patient with an airway obstruction. noticeably noisy breaths in fast pace; these breaths are typical for developing shock-like state.

46. Choose the true statement about tactics when you are a witness of a severe injury:

First, you need to restore vital functions as quickly as possible, and only then deal with calling for help. Before calling an emergency service it is appropriate to make at least indicative examination where the accident happened, what happened and how many affected there are. If we witness an accident, we call emergency service after a thorough examination, to make sure that the situation is really serious.

47. If improvised transport of an insured PG pilot is necessary (for example in difficult terrain), as the best means of transport will serve:

his paragliding harness. the canopy folded in a suitable rectangular shape. into a stretcher tied straight branches.

48. An afflicted suddenly collapsed during the ascent of the hill, he is lying down not moving, takes a deep breath about once in twenty seconds. Another witness of the incident tries to feel pulse on his neck and reports weak and rapid pulse. It is necessary to call for help immediately and:

Initiate artificial respiration because this breathing frequency is too low. Indirect heart massage is not needed because there are heartbeats and massage might damage lungs. Turn the afflicted into a stabilized position because there is a risk of vomit aspiration. Initiate resuscitation. So called "gasping breaths" are typical of sudden cardiac arrest. Pulse palpation by layman is unreliable and is not used for large number of errors - the first aider can feel his own heartbeat.

49. For the quality of resuscitation, the most crucial is:

the deepest compressions. the highest possible frequency of compressions. timely starting and continuity of compressions.

50. Choose the true statement about a position of a serious injury afflicted:

If the afflicted person actively takes some position, we do not prevent it. If the afflicted is unconscious, he should always be placed in "anti-shock" position with legs and arms raised as high as possible to restore blood flow to the brain. If the afflicted is communicating he should always be placed into position on the side (the "stabilized" or "recovery" position).