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Test - PL A

1. Bringing a paraglider close to the critical angle of attack is manifested by:

decrease of steering forces. sudden increase of descent rate. significant rise of forces in steering lines.

2. Larger part of lift is generated:

below the aerofoil, around 2/3. above the aerofoil, around 2/3. above 2/3 of the aerofoil, around 55%.

3. The lift acts:

always perpendicularly to the direction of flow attacking the aerofoil. always perpendicularly to the chord. always upwards from the aerofoil.

4. When an aircraft is flying with such an angle of attack that its gliding ratio is ', it means that:

it will fly 1 km in 10 s. it will fly 10 km far from altitude 1 km in no wind. it is flying under an angle 10° towards the ground.

5. The lift coefficient is influenced the most by:

the air foil curving. the speed of flow. the air foil thickness.

6. The paraglider glide ratio is defined as:

the ratio between the horizontal and vertical velocity component of the paraglider. the relation between the glider performance and vertical speed. the weight and lift ratio.

7. In a steady gliding flight there is a balance between:

lift and drag. gravity force and lift plus drag. thrust and weight, drag and lift.

8. In the moment of flying in a sinking currant the angle of attack:

increases. does not change. decreases.

9. Condensed isobars on the synoptic map indicate:

high temperature difference. greater pressure difference and therefore stronger wind. pressure level of the area.

10. The air mass is called unstable if there are:

stratified clouds in it. inversions in it. convective vertical motions in it.

11. In what part of a day is the highest probability of mass storm occurrence in Middle Europe?

Late morning. Noon, afternoon. Around midnight.

12. The stratification of air in an inversion layer is:

stable. indifferent. unstable.

13. During summer in Central Europe, in the central part of a significant anticyclone we expect:

clear skies, strong winds, cold at night, warm at daytime and strong thermics. inversion fog, variable wind, night thunderstorms and strong thermics during a day. mostly sunny, light wind, high temperatures duding a day, weakening thermics.

14. We call it unstable stratification when in unsaturated air:

an unsaturated air particle as it exits from the equilibrium position continues to climb even when the external force ceases to act. an unsaturated particle stops at a level at which external force has ceased to act. an unsaturated particle, after removal of the external force, returns to its original position.

15. The valley wind is blowing:

across the valley due to winds aloft. across the valley up the mountain slopes. along the mountain valley axis at daytime up to the mountains (against the river stream).

16. When entering a downdraft:

the canopy tilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards. the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse. the canopy shoots forward and there is a danger of frontal collapse.

17. I increase the flight speed by:

depressing the speed system. pulling a bit of steering. pulling the trimmers.

18. The take off control includes:

the check of glider and harness wear and tear, stitching, carabiners, helmet and instruments. the check of harness, lines, canopy, weather and space. the check of canopy, carabiners, weather and space in the direction of flight and landing.

19. B-stall is performed by:

by pulling the second row risers. by gradual pulling the rear row risers. by gradual pulling the first row risers.

20. An asymmetric collapse of about 1/2 of the leading edge should be solved by:

weight shift into the non collapsed side and light break of the same side to keep the glider in straight flight. no inputs in steering letting the glider reinflate. weight shift into the collapsed side and light break of the non collapsed side to keep the glider in straight flight.

21. When entering a thermal current:

the glider informs the pilot by its movements about the strength of the lift and usually also about which direction is better to turn. the canopy always tends to collapse and therefore the pilot must brake. the glider usually tends to collapse and therefore the pilot should break a bit before turning.

22. The difference between UTC and Central European Summer Time (CEST) time is:

1 hour. 2 hours. There is no difference.

23. The prime meridian is:

meridian, also called the base meridian, passing through Greenwich Observatory in England. a meridian not passing through observatory in Greenwich, but only a small circle. the meridian, at which the latitude and longitude equal 0.

24. The difference between UTC and Central European (CET) time is:

1 hour. There is no difference. 2 hours.

25. 045 degrees is direction:

north east. north west. south west.

26. Geographic coordinates indicate:

certain place name. certain geographical location. time zone position.

27. Course is measured in degrees from north:

counterclockwise. clockwise to the east and counterclockwise to the west. clockwise.

28. If a pilot is being dragged by strong wind along the ground, he should:

wait until the glider stops itself. pull the A risers or lines. pull the steering lines or rear lines/risers.

29. When sucked in a vertically developed cloud the best to do is:

to keep circling through the cloud as high as possible and so fly over it. to perform the most effective escape maneuver and try to keep flying against the wind. to steer the glider straight into the lightest part of the cloud.

30. Before a landing into still water it is necessary:

to undo the harness buckles so it was possible to leave it at the moment of contact with water. to turn the glider against the wind. to jump out of the harness about 3 to 5 m above the water surface.

31. When landing in water surface a pilot should steer the glider:

against the wind. with the wind from a side. with the wind.

32. During flight a pilot should have his cellphone (if it is available):

in the back harness pocket so it could not break or harm the pilot in case of accident. in a place, where he can reach it by any hand from the flying position. in any place, because he cannot telephone during flight anyway.

33. After a tall tree landing:

you should do maximum via reachable means to get professional rescue help (a cellphone or radio call, waiting for friends, whistle ect.) you should wait until your friends come and then you climb down while they are ready to catch you if needed. you should climb down as fast as possible to show that you are OK.

34. Two of the same category aircrafts are flying in one track against each other. Na vstřícné trati letí letadla stejné kategorie. Actions of avoidance are:

Both aircrafts will change their curse to the left. Both aircrafts will change their curse to the right. You will turn to the right, the other aircraft will turn to the left.

35. Pilots must have the documents required for flying a light aircraft:

with them at cross country flights. with them at every flight. with them at flights outside the airport.

36. What is it CTR?

Control zone of an airport. An air space where VFR flights are forbidden. Terminal controlled area.

37. LAA regulation, which governs the rules of flying a paraglider in the Czech Republic is called:

PL - 2 ZL - 1 ZL - 3

38. Czech abbrevation SLZ means:

Společná Letová Zóna = Common Flight Zone Sportovní Létající Zařízení = Sport Flying Equipment Stálé Letové Zabezpečení = Permanent Flight Security

39. The paraglider canopy is damaged mostly by:

mice and other wild rodents. UV rays, mechanical abrasion and humidity. storage in dark and dry rooms.

40. Except for takeoff or landing, or except by permit issued by the Aviation Authority, a VFR flight must be conducted over the congested areas or gathering of people in the open air at a height that may not be less than:

300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft. 150 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft. 300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 300 m from the aircraft.

41. Risers are:

up-going thermal currents. pilots who get up early. the webbings which connect a glider's suspension lines to a pilot's harness.

42. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

UV rays, wet storage and abrasion. winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass. sun and wrong packing.

43. The most effective anti shock precautions in laic first aid (after securing vital functions) are:

thermal comfort, lots of sweet liquids, position on side. fracture fixing, wound and abrasions treatment. convenient position, thermal comfort, calming.

44. Improvised tourniquet is to be applied:

always about 10 - 15 cm above the wound. anywhere between the wound and heart. only at arm or thigh, between a wound and heart.

45. After applying tourniquet the wound is still bleeding:

Loosen the tourniquet and lift the afflicted limb up. The tourniquet needs tightening. We need to use another compress bandage.

46. Unless prevented by special circumstances, the best for the accident afflicted is:

a position on the side („stabilized” or „recovery” position). the "Anti-shock" position with legs and arms raised as high as possible„ a position that the afflicted person wants to take.

47. During ridge soaring after a collapse about 10 meters above ground a pilot landed hard on his left side; He is obviously shaken, however gets up, then collapses, is pale, reports pain in his hip, shakes, he wants to sleep, a little confused, but strictly refuses an offered call for an ambulance. The procedure will be:

We lay him in shade into semi sitting position and check him occasionally during flying. If his condition gets worse, we call help. We are trying to calm him down, keep him in a position which is the most comfortable for him, cover him and call the emergency services. We lay him in the anti-shock position with his feet up, cover him and call an ambulance.

48. Treatment of wounds and fractures fixation of the afflicted by the accident is in the first aid performed:

only after the afflicted is out of vital functions malfunction danger. always if there are gaping (deep) wounds and/or open fractures. always as a priority on any wound or fracture.

49. The signal to the rescue helicopter from persons on the ground is done:

by standing with arms stretched sideways in A shape. by waving any object of bright color. by standing with arms up in Y shape.

50. Choose the true statement about using the thermal („space”) blanket:

The side doesn’t matter, the important is to wrap it tightly all around the patient. This blanket can be also used as a tourniquet or improvised bandage. The foil is a very good thermal isolation but does not protect against moisture - it can leak in strong rain.