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Test - PL A

1. The dynamic stability of a paraglider means:

that if unbalanced it is not completely returning into steady flight. that it is easy to steer, especially in aerobatics. that if unbalanced it returns into steady flight.

2. The aerodynamic drag is a sum of:

form drag, friction drag, induced drag and interference drag. parasitic drag, form drag, interference drag and rolling drag. parasitic drag and supportive drag.

3. On which part of the glider canopy is the largest lift, seen from the front?

At the side parts of the glider. The lift is evenly distributed. In the middle of the glider.

4. The lift on the aerofoil:

is created due to angle of attack and change of air temperature above and below of the wing. is generated by the Coriolis force and by equalizing pressure above and below the aerofoil. is created due to different speed of flow above nad below the aerofoil.

5. A paraglider stall occures when:

the pilot breaks too much. the glider overcomes the pilot when taking off. the speed system is pushed too fast.

6. The optimal gliding ratio can be flown:

with critical angle of attack. with two different angles of attack. with just one angle of attack.

7. When air flow is laminar:

there is a relative mix of streamlines but at the end of given aerofoil there are no significant eddies in the flow. there is no relative mix of streamlines. there is a relative mix of streamlines.

8. The wing aspect ratio:

is a relationship between span and air foil thickness. is a relationship between span squared and wing surface. is a relationship between chord length and air foil thickens.

9. Cooling speed of rising air saturated with water vapor is less than of unsaturated air because:

water vapor is not cooled as fast as dry air. condensation releases heat. water vapor absorbs heat radiated by air.

10. Saturated adiabatic curve is showing the change in temperature with height of value:

0,60 °C / 100 m of hight. 0,65 °C / 100 m of hight. 1,00 °C / 100 m of hight.

11. The basic cause of mechanical turbulence is:

wind and configuration of terrain. the air mass humidity and temperature. the air mass stratification.

12. Precipitation zone of a warm front is:

at the front line and it is short rainfall. mostly right after the front line and it is showers. before the front line and it is persistent rainfall.

13. The speed of a thermal current depends on:

instability rate and air warming from the ground surface. time of day and season. uneven heating of cyclonic thermal convective clouds.

14. At what altitude the barometric pressure reaches about a half the pressure to the mean sea level?

7000 m MSL 3000 m MSL 5500 m MSL

15. What are the other two conditions, besides forces causing air lift, necessary for the creation of a thunderstorm?

Stable conditions and high air pressure. Unstable conditions and low air pressure. Unstable conditions and high air humidity.

16. B-stall is performed by:

by pulling the second row risers. by gradual pulling the rear row risers. by gradual pulling the first row risers.

17. The take off direction and place choice is subject to:

the wind reported by the nearest meteorological station. the wind at the take off considering the wind direction above the mountain ridge. the wind in the valley by the landing zone.

18. Spiral is performed by:

pulling at first both the brakes and then loosening one brake all the way up while the other pulling completely down - the paraglider descends circling in a dynamic and fast rotation. a smooth transition from a turn into sharper and sharper turn via gradually increased brake input and body weight shift in the same side in which turning. weight shift in the intended turning side, pulling the steering on that side and pulling down the front riser on the other side.

19. When entering a downdraft:

the canopy tilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards. the canopy shoots forward and there is a danger of frontal collapse. the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse.

20. The heading of aircraft and its direction of movement compare to ground is:

the same when flying in no wind or exactly against the wind or with the wind. always the same. the same when flying in no wind or with the wind exactly from left or right.

21. The take off control includes:

the check of harness, lines, canopy, weather and space. the check of glider and harness wear and tear, stitching, carabiners, helmet and instruments. the check of canopy, carabiners, weather and space in the direction of flight and landing.

22. Direction south is reported by:

360° 090° 180°

23. Geographical North and South:

change location depending on annual periods. do not change location. are influenced by the Earth’s magnetism.

24. Course is measured in degrees from north:

clockwise. clockwise to the east and counterclockwise to the west. counterclockwise.

25. 045 degrees is direction:

north east. south west. north west.

26. An aircraft on bearing 265 in a wind 085 is flying:

with the wind. against the wind. perpendicularly to the wind from left.

27. The prime meridian is:

the meridian, at which the latitude and longitude equal 0. a meridian not passing through observatory in Greenwich, but only a small circle. meridian, also called the base meridian, passing through Greenwich Observatory in England.

28. You miscounted the landing approach and need to shorten it. You are 30 m above the ground:

By pulling tips of the wing via the right lines you can reduce the effective surface of the wing and glide under a better angle to the ground. In such altitude is best to make a 360 turn. By flying in figure eight or S turns you loose hight before the final glide.

29. For emergency landing a pilot would rather choose:

dense forest. a lonely tree. a forest road.

30. If a pilot is being dragged by strong wind along the ground, he should:

wait until the glider stops itself. pull the A risers or lines. pull the steering lines or rear lines/risers.

31. Your last choice for emergency landing would always be:

water surface. a parking. electric wires.

32. Use the reserve parachute without hesitating:

in rapid uncontrolable rotation. after being blown behind a mountain ridge. under a Cumulonimbus cloud.

33. The best when blown behind a ridge is: Při přefouknutí přes kopec je nejbezpečnější

to fly with the wind as far as possible to a possible emergency landing field. to do big ears which will help to fly through turbulences by increasing surface load of the wing. to use a reserve parachute which is more stable in turbulences.

34. The minimum allowed flight visibility in class E airspace is:

1,5 km 5 km 8 km

35. To indicate the height after passing through the transition altitude the setting goes from QNH values:

to the altimeter setting at QFE of the target airport and vertical positions of the aircraft are expressed in hight over the target airport. to the altimeter setting at QFE and vertical positions of the aircraft are expressed as hight above the ground. to the altimeter setting at the value of 1013.2 hPa and vertical positions of the aircraft are expressed in flight levels.

36. Who is authorized to check a pilot's license or student document?

Paragliding operations inspector and Paragliding technical inspector of LAA CR, a person authorized by the Ministry of Transport or the CAA of the CR, Czech Police. Paragliding operations inspector of LAA CR, person authorized of Ministry of Transport, Czech Police or local municipal authority personnel. Paragliding operations inspector of LAA CR, Czech Police, Czech CAA inspector, a person authorized by an airport or property owner.

37. An overtaking plane is that which approaches the overtaken aircraft from behind on a line forming with a plane of symmetry of the overtaken aircraft angle of less than:

70 degrees. 60 degrees. 80 degrees.

38. LAA regulation, which governs the rules of flying a paraglider in the Czech Republic is called:

ZL - 1 ZL - 3 PL - 2

39. TMA (Terminal Control Area)

can be flown under only with a two way radio communication with AFIS. can be flown under. cannot be flown under or over.

40. If two aircrafts are flying on lines facing each other or approximately such, each of them should give way by changing its course to the:

left. right. side which is more suitable for avoiding a crash.

41. Risers are:

the webbings which connect a glider's suspension lines to a pilot's harness. pilots who get up early. up-going thermal currents.

42. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

UV rays, wet storage and abrasion. sun and wrong packing. winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass.

43. During an improvised transport of an unconscious afflicted:

caution is not important because the unconscious afflicted doesn’t feel pain anyway. special attention should be payed to caution and head fixation. the process should be as fast as possible.

44. Resuscitation can be (among others) terminated:

when consciousness is restored - the patient begins to respond. after 20 min of performing it without any obvious effect. if it has reliably been found that the afflicted is older than 70 years.

45. Choose the true statement about a position of an unconscious afflicted:

The unconscious injury afflicted should always be placed on his back with his head tilted back. If the afflicted is reliably breathing in the current position, we leave him in this position. The unconscious afflicted must not be moved to eliminate the risk of further spine and spinal cord damage.

46. During ridge soaring after a collapse about 10 meters above ground a pilot landed hard on his left side; He is obviously shaken, however gets up, then collapses, is pale, reports pain in his hip, shakes, he wants to sleep, a little confused, but strictly refuses an offered call for an ambulance. The procedure will be:

We lay him in the anti-shock position with his feet up, cover him and call an ambulance. We are trying to calm him down, keep him in a position which is the most comfortable for him, cover him and call the emergency services. We lay him in shade into semi sitting position and check him occasionally during flying. If his condition gets worse, we call help.

47. If the arrival of a rescue helicopter is expected, rescuers on the ground should stand so that:

they were in the best possible place for a landing; just before touchdown they move in front of the helicopter. they were evenly distributed around the expected landing site and they could prevent potential arrival of other persons. they were always in the visual field of the helicopter pilot.

48. If improvised transport of an insured PG pilot is necessary (for example in difficult terrain), as the best means of transport will serve:

the canopy folded in a suitable rectangular shape. his paragliding harness. into a stretcher tied straight branches.

49. "Secondary examination" of an injury afflicted means:

an examination by another independent person to verify the initial conclusions. an inspection of afflicted "head to toe" in order to uncover any injury changes on body. the second (and next) control examination to determine if there is a deterioration in the status.

50. An afflicted suddenly collapsed during the ascent of the hill, he is lying down not moving, takes a deep breath about once in twenty seconds. Another witness of the incident tries to feel pulse on his neck and reports weak and rapid pulse. It is necessary to call for help immediately and:

Initiate artificial respiration because this breathing frequency is too low. Indirect heart massage is not needed because there are heartbeats and massage might damage lungs. Initiate resuscitation. So called "gasping breaths" are typical of sudden cardiac arrest. Pulse palpation by layman is unreliable and is not used for large number of errors - the first aider can feel his own heartbeat. Turn the afflicted into a stabilized position because there is a risk of vomit aspiration.