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Test - PL A

1. Larger part of lift is generated:

above the aerofoil, around 2/3. above 2/3 of the aerofoil, around 55%. below the aerofoil, around 2/3.

2. There are aerodynamic forces generated on a body in flow. They are called:

the resultant aerodynamic force which is sum of lift and drag. lift, mass and drag. lift and overpressure.

3. Which of the following pilot inputs increases the angle of attack?

Pushing the speed system. Releasing the steering. Pulling the steering.

4. When the surface load changes the glide ratio:

changes because the relation between lift and drag does not change. changes because effective bearing area is the same. does not change because the relation between lift coefficient and drag coefficient does not change.

5. The total weight of a pilot with all equipment is 100 kg and the area of the glider is 25 m2. The surface load of the paraglider is:

4 kg/m3 0.4 kg/m3 0.25 kg/m3

6. Glide ratio is influenced only by:

the velocity of flow. the angle of attack (i.e. lift and drag coefficients). total weight.

7. The angle of attack is:

the angle between the aerofoil’s chord and the oncoming flow. the angle between the oncoming flow and the horizon line. the angle between aerofoil’s chord and the horizon line.

8. The glide ratio relative to ground:

is changing with weight changes. is not changing when flying in wind because the bearing area is still the same. is changing when flying in wind.

9. Local isolated thunderstorms are mostly:

frontal air lift (warm front). frontal air lift (cold front). mass storms.

10. What prevents the air flow from areas of high pressure directly into the area of low air pressure?

The Coriolis force. The force caused by the pressure gradient. Friction on the earth's surface.

11. Clouds classified as high level clouds constitute of:

hail. ice crystals. supercooled water droplets.

12. The air mass is called unstable if there are:

stratified clouds in it. convective vertical motions in it. inversions in it.

13. What are the characteristic signs of the weather on the leeward side of the mountains during Fohn?

Few clouds, unusual increase of temperature, low humidity, often strong winds. Overcast, precipitation, good visibility. Variable cloudiness and occasional rain, moderate or no wind.

14. Among free-convective low-level clouds is:

Cu - cumulus As - altostratus St - stratus

15. The beginning of thunder storm is characterized by:

rain on the earth's surface. frequent lightning. persistent ascending currents.

16. When entering a thermal current:

the glider informs the pilot by its movements about the strength of the lift and usually also about which direction is better to turn. the glider usually tends to collapse and therefore the pilot should break a bit before turning. the canopy always tends to collapse and therefore the pilot must brake.

17. So called escaping maneuvers include:

spiral, spin and B-stall. spiral, big ears and B-stall. spiral, full-stall and B-stall.

18. Spiral is performed by:

a smooth transition from a turn into sharper and sharper turn via gradually increased brake input and body weight shift in the same side in which turning. weight shift in the intended turning side, pulling the steering on that side and pulling down the front riser on the other side. pulling at first both the brakes and then loosening one brake all the way up while the other pulling completely down - the paraglider descends circling in a dynamic and fast rotation.

19. When entering a thermal current:

the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse. the canopy shoots forward and can collapse. the canopy lilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards.

20. Ridge soaring is practiced so that:

we fly alongside a slope just above its lee side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points which means against the slope. we fly alongside a slope at its windward side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points. we soar the wind wave just above the mountain ridge turning 180° at the turn points no matter what direction.

21. When entering a downdraft:

the canopy shoots forward and there is a danger of frontal collapse. the canopy tilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards. the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse.

22. Course is measured in degrees from north:

clockwise. counterclockwise. clockwise to the east and counterclockwise to the west.

23. The most suitable maps for aeronautical navigation are:

the maps which truly reflect the topographic situation and angles. those with precise angles. maps with 1 : 500 000 scale.

24. Which of the following conditions is the most important for comparative navigation?

A good map and navigation skills of the pilot. Experience of the pilot and his estimation. Navigational preparation before flight, map, visibility of ground.

25. The globe is:

ideal sphere. a rotating ellipsoid flattened at the poles. a net of coordinate lines.

26. The difference between UTC and Central European (CET) time is:

2 hours. There is no difference. 1 hour.

27. 045 degrees is direction:

south west. north east. north west.

28. During flight a pilot should have his cellphone (if it is available):

in a place, where he can reach it by any hand from the flying position. in the back harness pocket so it could not break or harm the pilot in case of accident. in any place, because he cannot telephone during flight anyway.

29. If a pilot is being dragged by strong wind along the ground, he should:

pull the A risers or lines. pull the steering lines or rear lines/risers. wait until the glider stops itself.

30. The best when blown behind a ridge is: Při přefouknutí přes kopec je nejbezpečnější

to fly with the wind as far as possible to a possible emergency landing field. to do big ears which will help to fly through turbulences by increasing surface load of the wing. to use a reserve parachute which is more stable in turbulences.

31. You miscounted the landing approach and need to shorten it. You are 30 m above the ground:

In such altitude is best to make a 360 turn. By pulling tips of the wing via the right lines you can reduce the effective surface of the wing and glide under a better angle to the ground. By flying in figure eight or S turns you loose hight before the final glide.

32. After a tall tree landing:

you should climb down as fast as possible to show that you are OK. you should wait until your friends come and then you climb down while they are ready to catch you if needed. you should do maximum via reachable means to get professional rescue help (a cellphone or radio call, waiting for friends, whistle ect.)

33. During ground handling training the glider lifts the pilot above the ground in a wind gust unexpectedly. The correct procedure is:

to pull and release the steering repeatedly and by such flapping go back to the ground. to release the steering and fly, steer and land back to the ground. to pull the steering fully.

34. Conducting a paragliding training is only allowed to:

a PG instructor and a PG instructor in training. a competition pilot, a PG instructor and a PG instructor in training. a sport pilot and a PG instructor.

35. Two of the same category aircrafts are flying in one track against each other. Na vstřícné trati letí letadla stejné kategorie. Actions of avoidance are:

Both aircrafts will change their curse to the right. You will turn to the right, the other aircraft will turn to the left. Both aircrafts will change their curse to the left.

36. The minimum age of student for beginning of theoretical and practical paragliding training in the Czech Republic is:

15 years with the consent of his legal guardians. 14 years with the consent of his legal guardians. 16 years with the consent of his legal guardians.

37. The aircraft, that is obliged by the rules to give way to another aircraft, must:

avoided so that the maintained vertical distance between aircrafts was 150 m. avoided so that the maintained horizontal distance between aircrafts was 300 m. avoid by flying above or under or cross the other aircraft flight line at a sufficient distance.

38. The prohibited airspace (LKP):

can be entered only on the G class airspace level and at the indicated air speed lower then 460 km/h. cannot be entered axcept with a special authorization of a competent authority. can be entered but cannot be left.

39. An aircraft in flight or moving on the ground must give way to the aircraft:

which is landing or in the final approach to the landing. which received permission for landing approach. which has no connection with the air traffic control cervices.

40. The lower limit of a control zone (CTR) is formed by:

a specified altitude. the upper limit of the G class air space. the ground surface.

41. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass. UV rays, wet storage and abrasion. sun and wrong packing.

42. Risers are:

pilots who get up early. the webbings which connect a glider's suspension lines to a pilot's harness. up-going thermal currents.

43. Choose the true statement about a position of an unconscious afflicted:

The unconscious afflicted must not be moved to eliminate the risk of further spine and spinal cord damage. The unconscious injury afflicted should always be placed on his back with his head tilted back. If the afflicted is reliably breathing in the current position, we leave him in this position.

44. An afflicted suddenly collapsed during the ascent of the hill, he is lying down not moving, takes a deep breath about once in twenty seconds. Another witness of the incident tries to feel pulse on his neck and reports weak and rapid pulse. It is necessary to call for help immediately and:

Initiate artificial respiration because this breathing frequency is too low. Indirect heart massage is not needed because there are heartbeats and massage might damage lungs. Turn the afflicted into a stabilized position because there is a risk of vomit aspiration. Initiate resuscitation. So called "gasping breaths" are typical of sudden cardiac arrest. Pulse palpation by layman is unreliable and is not used for large number of errors - the first aider can feel his own heartbeat.

45. Fractures of lower limbs are preferably fixed by:

hanging in a triangular bandage. tightening to the other limb (only if that is not broken too). using an improvised splint (branch, stick, etc.).

46. A foreign object (e.g. little stone, sherd or so):

is to be removed from a wound if it is possible without excessive violence (e.g. rinsing with water, gently pulling etc.). must be removed even if surrounding tissue is damaged and then the wound needs rinsing with disinfection. is never to be removed - cover the wound with anything in it and soak the bandage with disinfection.

47. Improvised tourniquet is to be applied:

anywhere between the wound and heart. only at arm or thigh, between a wound and heart. always about 10 - 15 cm above the wound.

48. „Surgical” rubber gloves:

are suitable for treatment of patients suspected of infectious disease. should be used only in treatment of heavy bleeding or dirty wounds. should be used for taking care of any injury.

49. Treatment of wounds and fractures fixation of the afflicted by the accident is in the first aid performed:

always as a priority on any wound or fracture. only after the afflicted is out of vital functions malfunction danger. always if there are gaping (deep) wounds and/or open fractures.

50. The most effective anti shock precautions in laic first aid (after securing vital functions) are:

fracture fixing, wound and abrasions treatment. thermal comfort, lots of sweet liquids, position on side. convenient position, thermal comfort, calming.