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Test - PL A

1. If the pilot weight increases the paraglider or powered paraglider speed:

increases. decreases. does not change.

2. The lift on the aerofoil is created by:

densification of streamlines above the aerofoil, the top surface of the aerofoil thus generates a negative pressure; below the aerofoil the streamlines expand and thereby an overpressure occurs beneath the aerofoil. densification of streamlines below the aerofoil, the lower surface of the aerofoil thus generates a negative pressure; above the aerofoil the streamlines expand and thereby an overpressure occurs above the aerofoil. the force of flowing air from front of the aerofoil (when the angel of attack is positive).

3. The aerodynamic drag is a sum of:

parasitic drag and supportive drag. parasitic drag, form drag, interference drag and rolling drag. form drag, friction drag, induced drag and interference drag.

4. When increasing the angle of attack:

the lift coefficient and drag coefficient decrease. the lift coefficient increases and drag coefficient decreases. the lift coefficient and drag coefficient increase.

5. When a paraglider is in steady flight in an ideal environment (no wind) at a glide ratio 6, then it means that:

its velocity is 6 m/s. it will fly 1 km far from the altitude of 6 km. it will fly 6 km far from the altitude of 1 km.

6. The chord is:

the curve that is halfway between the upper and lower surfaces of the aerofoil. the imaginary straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of the aerofoil. the straight line dividing the aerofoil in the middle of its thickness into two equal parts.

7. Surface load:

indicates the number of m2 of bearing area per one kilogram of the total weight. indicates the number of kilograms of the total weight per m2 of bearing area. indicates the number of kilograms of the pilot weight per m2 of bearing area.

8. Select the correct statement regarding the position of the unconscious affected with a severe trauma:

If the affected is in the current position reliably breathing, I leave him in this position. An insured unconscious affected person should always be placed in position on her back with her head tilted back. The basic rule is not to move the unconscious affected to eliminate the risk of further damage to the spine and spinal cord.

9. Which of clouds forming on the forehead of cold front is the most dangerous for air traffic?

Cb – cumulonimbus Ns – nimbostratus As – altostratus

10. In meteorology, storm is:

the most significant manifestation of convection in the free atmosphere. a phenomenon identical with the term "cold front”. a natural phenomenon accompanied by intensive rainfall and electrical discharges.

11. Lentil shaped elongated clouds:

indicate strong wind at hight and wind gusts danger. especially in summer indicate coming of a dangerous occluded front. occur mainly in the tropics; in our latitudes they appear rarely in the spring at the sudden change in temperature.

12. What temperature stratification is favorable for the occurence of vertical motions in the troposphere?

indifferent stable instable

13. What are the characteristic signs of the weather on the leeward side of the mountains during Fohn?

Variable cloudiness and occasional rain, moderate or no wind. Overcast, precipitation, good visibility. Few clouds, unusual increase of temperature, low humidity, often strong winds.

14. Clouds classified as high level clouds constitute of:

supercooled water droplets. hail. ice crystals.

15. The boundary between two air masses, with the weather in one air mass significantly differing from the weather in the other air mass is called:

Weather boundary. Front. Air masses boundary.

16. The take off control includes:

the check of harness, lines, canopy, weather and space. the check of canopy, carabiners, weather and space in the direction of flight and landing. the check of glider and harness wear and tear, stitching, carabiners, helmet and instruments.

17. When entering a downdraft:

the canopy tilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards. the canopy shoots forward and there is a danger of frontal collapse. the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse.

18. So called escaping maneuvers include:

spiral, big ears and B-stall. spiral, spin and B-stall. spiral, full-stall and B-stall.

19. The take off direction and place choice is subject to:

the wind in the valley by the landing zone. the wind reported by the nearest meteorological station. the wind at the take off considering the wind direction above the mountain ridge.

20. Ridge soaring is practiced so that:

we soar the wind wave just above the mountain ridge turning 180° at the turn points no matter what direction. we fly alongside a slope just above its lee side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points which means against the slope. we fly alongside a slope at its windward side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points.

21. By releasing the speed system the flight speed is:

decreased. increased. unaffected; only the angle of attack increases.

22. Direction south is reported by:

180° 090° 360°

23. When performing comparative orientation it is always more reliable:

to carefully view the terrain below the aircraft. to locate and identify several landmarks. to focus on one landmark.

24. Magnetic course is measured:

from geographical north of local meridian. from bearing indicator. from prime meridian.

25. Course is measured in degrees from north:

counterclockwise. clockwise. clockwise to the east and counterclockwise to the west.

26. When comparing the map with the terrain the most important is:

to carefully view the terrain ahead of the aircraft, alongside the aircraft and consistently compare the map with the terrain. accurate compass. accurate watch.

27. Time is reported:

in hours, minutes and seconds, so that a minute begins with 1. sec and ends with 60. sec. in hours, minutes and seconds, so that a minute begins with 31. sec of a past minute and ends with 30. sec of actual minute. in degrees.

28. If during a flight the reserve parachute drops out accidentally and opens:

I should collapse the rescue parachute by pulling its lines. I should try to collapse the glider canopy by pulling rear risers or steering to minimise its influence into reserve parachute flight and I should get prepared for landing. I prepare for the landing on the rescue, nothing else can be done anyway.

29. In strong wind a pilot flew in a place where his ground speed against the wind is zero:

He should fly with sidewind or windwards as the terrain allows as far as possible to an alternative landing field. He should step in the speed bar and make big ears. He should keep flying against the wind and emergency-land in the terrain below him.

30. If one side of canopy is stalled, the pilot should:

pull the second steering fully and then release both. hold down the already pulled steering and counter-steer the rotation by weight-shift. release the steering continuously.

31. In mid-air collision about 50 to 100 m above the terrain the correct procedure is:

stalling the glider and so clear the contact with the other aircraft. to execute a descending maneuvre. using the reserve parachute.

32. Your last choice for emergency landing would always be:

water surface. a parking. electric wires.

33. After a tall tree landing:

you should do maximum via reachable means to get professional rescue help (a cellphone or radio call, waiting for friends, whistle ect.) you should climb down as fast as possible to show that you are OK. you should wait until your friends come and then you climb down while they are ready to catch you if needed.

34. From a sport aircraft (SLZ) it is forbidden:

to spray. to drop things between sunrise and sunset. to drop anything or spray, except under certain conditions.

35. The paraglider canopy is damaged mostly by:

storage in dark and dry rooms. UV rays, mechanical abrasion and humidity. mice and other wild rodents.

36. In G class airspace there is:

no request of connection. a request of connection for flights above 150 m AGL. a request of permanent two way connection.

37. Airport operations are:

all vehicles and persons operations on the aerodrome area. all flying aircrafts and aircrafts on the aerodrome operational area. all traffic at the aerodrome area and all aircrafts flying in the vicinity of the airport.

38. When two light aircrafts are flying on intersecting tracks in free space, the right of way is of the light aircraft flying:

against the sun. from the right. from the left.

39. Restricted air space (LK R):

must be passed through. must not be passed through. can be passed through under specified conditions.

40. The upper limit of class E airspace is:

FL 125 (3800 m) FL 95 (2900 m) FL 85 (2600 m)

41. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

UV rays, wet storage and abrasion. sun and wrong packing. winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass.

42. Risers are:

pilots who get up early. up-going thermal currents. the webbings which connect a glider's suspension lines to a pilot's harness.

43. During ridge soaring after a collapse about 10 meters above ground a pilot landed hard on his left side; He is obviously shaken, however gets up, then collapses, is pale, reports pain in his hip, shakes, he wants to sleep, a little confused, but strictly refuses an offered call for an ambulance. The procedure will be:

We lay him in the anti-shock position with his feet up, cover him and call an ambulance. We lay him in shade into semi sitting position and check him occasionally during flying. If his condition gets worse, we call help. We are trying to calm him down, keep him in a position which is the most comfortable for him, cover him and call the emergency services.

44. If one layer of pressure bandage is not enough to stop bleeding from a wound on leg:

We urge the arrival of emergency services and re-emphasize the urgency of the case. We take off the old bandage and apply a new one and tighten it better. We apply another 1 or 2 layers or, if still not enough, use a tourniquet.

45. An afflicted suddenly collapsed during the ascent of the hill, he is lying down not moving, takes a deep breath about once in twenty seconds. Another witness of the incident tries to feel pulse on his neck and reports weak and rapid pulse. It is necessary to call for help immediately and:

Initiate resuscitation. So called "gasping breaths" are typical of sudden cardiac arrest. Pulse palpation by layman is unreliable and is not used for large number of errors - the first aider can feel his own heartbeat. Initiate artificial respiration because this breathing frequency is too low. Indirect heart massage is not needed because there are heartbeats and massage might damage lungs. Turn the afflicted into a stabilized position because there is a risk of vomit aspiration.

46. Clearing the airway of unconscious patient is done primarily using:

backward head tilt. stabilised position. forward head tilt.

47. A pilot should have his mobile phone:

placed in the pocket of the harness so that it could not cause any injury in case of an accident. switched off because the aviation regulations forbid the use of mobile phones in flight. placed so that it could be reached in any position of pilot’s body.

48. Fractures of lower limbs are preferably fixed by:

using an improvised splint (branch, stick, etc.). hanging in a triangular bandage. tightening to the other limb (only if that is not broken too).

49. The A-B-C protocol in initial examination stands for:

Anamnesis, Breathing,Chest injury check. 1. check the Airway, 2. check the Breathing and 3. restore the Circulation (using Compressions). 1. open the Airway with a head tilt, 2. start the artificial respiration = Breathing, 3. start the chest Compressions.

50. The helmet of the afflicted:

must never be taken off. should be taken off by pulling in the long axis of the body with permanent fixation of the head and neck. should be taken off only by gente tilting nad twisting.