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Test - PL A

1. Lift arises when an aerofoil is in flow due to the creation of a pressure differential above and below the aerofoil. What is the pressure below and above the aerofoil and what is the ratio of their sizes at normal angles of attack?

There is overpressure below the aerofoil and negative pressure above the aerofoil in the ratio of 1/3 of overpressure and 2/3 of negative pressure. There is overpressure below the aerofoil and negative pressure above the aerofoil in the ratio of 1/3 of overpressure and 2/3 of negative pressure.

2. A paraglider stall occures when:

the glider overcomes the pilot when taking off. the pilot breaks too much. the speed system is pushed too fast.

3. Larger part of lift is generated:

below the aerofoil, around 2/3. above 2/3 of the aerofoil, around 55%. above the aerofoil, around 2/3.

4. The separation of streamlines is when:

the streamlines leave the aerofoil after copying its shape. turbulent flow around the upper surface of the wing switches to laminar flow. the airflow becomes detached from the surface of the aerofoil.

5. At the critical angle of attack:

the drag coefficient drops abruptly. the lift coefficient sharply increases. the lift coefficient reaches its maximum values, over further increasing of the angle of attack the lift coefficient decreases abruptly.

6. In a steady gliding flight there is a balance between:

the drag and the gravity force. the gravity force and resultant aerodynamic force. the weight of the aircraft and lift.

7. The dynamic stability of a paraglider means:

that if unbalanced it returns into steady flight. that if unbalanced it is not completely returning into steady flight. that it is easy to steer, especially in aerobatics.

8. The lift acts:

always upwards from the aerofoil. always perpendicularly to the direction of flow attacking the aerofoil. always perpendicularly to the chord.

9. Which of the following types of cloud is considered middle level clouds in the temperate latitudes?

Ns, Ci As, Ac St, Sc

10. In practice we converse wind speed in m/s into kt by formula:

1 m/s ~ 3 kt 1 m/s ~ 1 kt 1 m/s ~ 2 kt

11. Precipitation falling out of the cloud systems of significant warm fronts are mainly:

persistent rainfall. occasional rainfall. showers.

12. The boundary between troposphere and stratosphere is called:

ionosphere tropopause atmosphere

13. What are the characteristic signs of the weather on the leeward side of the mountains during Fohn?

Overcast, precipitation, good visibility. Few clouds, unusual increase of temperature, low humidity, often strong winds. Variable cloudiness and occasional rain, moderate or no wind.

14. At what altitude the barometric pressure reaches about a half the pressure to the mean sea level?

7000 m MSL 5500 m MSL 3000 m MSL

15. Which of clouds forming on the forehead of cold front is the most dangerous for air traffic?

As – altostratus Cb – cumulonimbus Ns – nimbostratus

16. Ridge soaring is practiced so that:

we fly alongside a slope at its windward side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points. we fly alongside a slope just above its lee side turning 180° into the wind at the turn points which means against the slope. we soar the wind wave just above the mountain ridge turning 180° at the turn points no matter what direction.

17. When entering a thermal current:

the glider informs the pilot by its movements about the strength of the lift and usually also about which direction is better to turn. the canopy always tends to collapse and therefore the pilot must brake. the glider usually tends to collapse and therefore the pilot should break a bit before turning.

18. The take off direction and place choice is subject to:

the wind at the take off considering the wind direction above the mountain ridge. the wind reported by the nearest meteorological station. the wind in the valley by the landing zone.

19. B-stall is performed by:

by pulling the second row risers. by gradual pulling the first row risers. by gradual pulling the rear row risers.

20. When entering a thermal current:

the canopy shoots forward and can collapse. the canopy lilts backwards and can shoot forward afterwards. the canopy tilts sidewards and can get asymmetric collapse.

21. What does the term „spin” mean?

Asymmetrical (one side) paraglider stall. A spiral. Symmetric paragider stall.

22. The earth axix is a line intersecting the center of the earth perpendicularly to the equator. The points where this line intersects the earth surface are called poles and they are:

the geological poles. the magnetic poles. the marine poles.

23. Comparative navigation involves:

comparing terrain with a map and vice versa. comparison of data of navigation devices (GPS) with a map. comparing the calculated times with the reality.

24. 10 cm in map with 1 : 200 000 scale refers of real distance:

20 km 200 km 50 km

25. Contour lines are curves connecting points of the same:

declination. negative hight, so called dephtines. alitude.

26. The location of geographical and magnetic poles is:

not identical. identical. The magnetic pole is always to the east from the geographical pole.

27. The globe is:

a net of coordinate lines. a rotating ellipsoid flattened at the poles. ideal sphere.

28. If during a flight the reserve parachute drops out accidentally and opens:

I prepare for the landing on the rescue, nothing else can be done anyway. I should collapse the rescue parachute by pulling its lines. I should try to collapse the glider canopy by pulling rear risers or steering to minimise its influence into reserve parachute flight and I should get prepared for landing.

29. The best when blown behind a ridge is: Při přefouknutí přes kopec je nejbezpečnější

to fly with the wind as far as possible to a possible emergency landing field. to use a reserve parachute which is more stable in turbulences. to do big ears which will help to fly through turbulences by increasing surface load of the wing.

30. For emergency landing You would prefer:

buildings. water. trees.

31. If I stall the glider:

I release the steering continuously. I use the reserve parachute; if there is not enough hight, I release the steering quickly. I use the reserve parachute; if there is not enough hight, I hold the steering down firmly.

32. After a tall tree landing:

you should wait until your friends come and then you climb down while they are ready to catch you if needed. you should do maximum via reachable means to get professional rescue help (a cellphone or radio call, waiting for friends, whistle ect.) you should climb down as fast as possible to show that you are OK.

33. Before a landing into still water it is necessary:

to turn the glider against the wind. to jump out of the harness about 3 to 5 m above the water surface. to undo the harness buckles so it was possible to leave it at the moment of contact with water.

34. A "P" technical certificate of a paraglider may be issued:

only to a paraglider which successfully passed its test program in accordance with AFNOR. only to a paraglider which successfully passed its test program in accordance with AFNOR, PL - 2, DHV or CEN. to any paraglider produced by a manufacturer authorized by LAA CR.

35. Except for takeoff or landing, or except by permit issued by the Aviation Authority, a VFR flight must be conducted over the congested areas or gathering of people in the open air at a height that may not be less than:

300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 300 m from the aircraft. 150 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft. 300 m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft.

36. The upper limit of class E airspace is:

FL 85 (2600 m) FL 95 (2900 m) FL 125 (3800 m)

37. A pilot must have a valid pilot's license on him:

at a flight outside the airport. at every flight. at every cross country flight.

38. After landing at the airport, the altimeter set to the airport QFE indicates:

the airport altitude in standard atmosphere. 0. the airport altitude AMSL.

39. If two or more aircrafts heavier then air are approaching one airport with the intention to land and the avoidance rules do not apply, the priority of landing is as follows:

the aircraft flying higher gives way to the lower flying aircraft. the slower aircraft gives way to the faster aircraft. the aircraft flying on left gives way to the aircraft flying from right.

40. The definition of visibility is:

the ability to see and recognize outstanding unlighted objects by day and lights at night from the cockpit of the aircraft in flight. the ability to see and recognize outstanding unlighted objects by day and lights at night determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance. the ability to see forward from the cockpit of the aircraft in flight determined by meteorological conditions and expressed in units of distance.

41. A paraglider is the most damaged by:

sun and wrong packing. UV rays, wet storage and abrasion. winch tow flying, powered paragliding and operation on wet grass.

42. Risers are:

the webbings which connect a glider's suspension lines to a pilot's harness. pilots who get up early. up-going thermal currents.

43. Resuscitation (animation) is needed to be performed if the afflicted:

is unresponsive and there is no pulse on carotid artery (the breathing state is not important). is unresponsive, not moving, regardless of the state of breathing (a layperson is not able to reliably judge the respiratory status). is unresponsive, not moving and not breathing, or only "gasping" breaths are seen.

44. Choose the true statement about using the thermal („space”) blanket:

This blanket can be also used as a tourniquet or improvised bandage. The foil is a very good thermal isolation but does not protect against moisture - it can leak in strong rain. The side doesn’t matter, the important is to wrap it tightly all around the patient.

45. The A-B-C protocol in initial examination stands for:

1. open the Airway with a head tilt, 2. start the artificial respiration = Breathing, 3. start the chest Compressions. Anamnesis, Breathing,Chest injury check. 1. check the Airway, 2. check the Breathing and 3. restore the Circulation (using Compressions).

46. A paraglider in a spin fell nearby. On our approach he lies on his back, unconscious, not breathing, bluish. No clearly visible injury is obvious. We'll call an ambulance and firstly:

lay the afflicted in the anti-shock position with head underlaid. lay the afflicted in the stabilized position. free the airway by backward head tilt.

47. The telephone number of medical emergency service in the Czech Republic is:

150 155 158

48. Unless prevented by special circumstances, the best for the accident afflicted is:

the "Anti-shock" position with legs and arms raised as high as possible„ a position that the afflicted person wants to take. a position on the side („stabilized” or „recovery” position).

49. If it is obvious that the action of rescue helicopter is necessary, in the Czech Republic it is preferably needed to call number:

1210 155 112

50. During an improvised transport of an unconscious afflicted:

caution is not important because the unconscious afflicted doesn’t feel pain anyway. special attention should be payed to caution and head fixation. the process should be as fast as possible.